The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed to clinical practice in terms of aiding diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification and guiding clinical management.

The effect of counting data was measured by odds ratio (OR).

OBJECTIVES To summarize and critically appraise the body of evidence on conservative management of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Finally, the extracted data were pooled as risk ratios (RR) and hazard ratios (HR) in the random-effects meta-analysis model using the Review Manager software.

BACKGROUND The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an inexpensive and easily accessible investigation for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure (HF).

Finally, the extracted data were pooled as risk ratios (RR) and hazard ratios (HR) in the random-effects meta-analysis model using the Review Manager software.

We evaluated treatment effects for continuous and dichotomous outcomes using standardised mean difference (SMD) and risk ratios (RR), respectively, employing random-effects meta-analyses.

Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes included rate of failure of retinal reattachment following 1 surgery and final visual acuity (VA).

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to characterize this relation through a dose-response approach, by comparing the intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the highest versus the lowest fluoride exposure category with a random-effects model, within a one-stage dose-response meta-analysis based on a cubic spline random-effects model.

The secondary purpose was to review patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after ambulatory lumbar fusion.