TGF
transforming growth factor
EZY-1 inhibited pulmonary fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin, and activator of transcription 3 and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer pathways.
Its pathogenesis involves the transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ)-induced overproduction of the extracellular matrix from fibroblasts; however, limited countermeasures have been established.
First, BMSCs chondroblast differentiation was successfully induced in vitro by classical induction method of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3.
In this study, we showed that exposure to oxidized frying oil enhanced the sensitivity of HSCs to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1a2, collagen 1a1, metalloproteinase-2, and phosphorylated smad2/3 activation.
Similarly, human Integrator subunits bind transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/BMP signaling components and antagonize their activity, suggesting a conserved role of Integrator across metazoans.
B1 cells' anti-inflammatory effects include the production of natural IgM (nIgM) by the spleen and bone marrow, decreased inflammatory cytokines as a primary response to maintaining tissue homeostasis, and enhanced release of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ).